Research Brief
What Is VIP?
Resposta Rapida
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-aminoacido signaling neuropeptide pertencente a the glucagon-secretin superfamily. [1] It is a highly conserved molecule across mammalian evolution, identical in humans, pigs, rats, and cows. VIP was originalmente isolado(a) de the porcine duodenum by Sami...
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-aminoacido signaling neuropeptide pertencente a the glucagon-secretin superfamily. [1] It is a highly conserved molecule across mammalian evolution, identical in humans, pigs, rats, and cows. VIP was originalmente isolado(a) de the porcine duodenum by Sami I. Said and Viktor Mutt in 1970 no(a) Medical College of Virginia and Karolinska Institute, respectivamente. [2]
VIP is derivado(a) de a larger precursor molecule, prepro-VIP (170 aminoacidos), codificado(a) por the VIP gene on chromosome 6 in humans. Prepro-VIP is processed into pro-VIP (149 aminoacidos), que is further cleaved and amidated by peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase to produce the mature, C-terminally amidated 28-aminoacido peptide. [6]
VIP is widely distributed no(a) central and periferico(a) nervous systems e e produzido(a) por neurons, endocrine cells, and immune cells (B-linfocitos and T-linfocitos). It exerts potente anti-inflamatorio(a), immunomodulatory, and vasodilatory properties. [3]
O(a) sintetico(a) form, Aviptadil (tambem conhecido(a) como RLF-100 or Zyesami), recebeu FDA Composto Orfao Designation para o(a) investigation of ARDS, pulmonar hipertensao, and sarcoidosis, and Fast Track Designation for critico(a) COVID-19 with respiratory failure. The EMA has granted Composto Orfao Designation for ARDS and sarcoidosis. In India, the CDSCO approved Aviptadil for emergency use in COVID-19 ARDS in 2022. [4]
VIP has an extremely short serum meia-vida of aproximadamente 1–2 minutes, due to rapido(a) degradacao by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) e outros(as) serum peptidases. This lability presents significant pharmacological challenges and has driven research into advanced delivery systems incluindo sterically stabilized micelles (SSM), liposomes, and inhalation formulations. [5]
VIP shares 68% homology with PACAP-27 e e relatado(a) to be 100-fold mais potente do que isoproterenol como um(a) bronchodilator and 50-fold mais potente do que prostacyclin at relaxing pulmonar arteries. [7]
Referencias
- Said SI, Mutt V. Polypeptide with broad biological activity: isolation from pequeno(a) intestine. Science, 169(3951), 1217–1218, 1970.
- Said SI, Rosenberg RN. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: abundant immunoreactivity in neuronal cell lines and normal nervous tissues. Science, 192(4242), 907–908, 1976.
- Langer I, Jeandriens J, Couvineau A, et al. Signal transduction by VIP and PACAP receptors. Biochem Soc Trans, 50(1), 2022.
- Youssef JG, Lavin P, Schoenfeld DA, et al. The Use of IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Aviptadil) in sujeitos de estudo With Critical COVID-19 Respiratory Failure. Crit Care Med, 50(11), 1545–1554, 2022.
- Domschke S, Domschke W, Bloom SR, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide in man: pharmacokinetics, metabolic and circulatory effects. Gut, 19(11), 1049–1053, 1978.
- Harmar AJ, Arimura A, Gozes I, et al. International union of pharmacology. XVIII. Nomenclature of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Pharmacol Rev, 50(2), 265–270, 1998.
- Leuchte HH, Baezner C, Baumgartner RA, et al. Inhalation of vasoactive intestinal peptide in pulmonar hipertensao. Eur Respir J, 32(5), 1289–1294, 2008.
- Delgado M, Pozo D, Ganea D. The significance of vasoactive intestinal peptide in immunomodulacao. Pharmacol Rev, 56(2), 249–290, 2004.
- Couvineau A, Laburthe M. VPAC receptors: structure, molecular pharmacology and interaction with accessory proteins. Br J Pharmacol, 166(1), 42–50, 2012.
- Hou X, Yang H, Bhatt VR, et al. VIP/VPAC signaling in pancreatic islet β-cells and glucose homeostasis. J Mol Endocrinol, 68(3), R65–R75, 2022.
- Smalley SG, Barrow PA, Foster N. Immunomodulacao of innate resposta imunologicas by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): its experimental potential in inflammatory disease. Clin Exp Immunol, 157(2), 225–234, 2009.
- Constantin S, Bhattarai JP, Bhatt R, et al. VIP signaling in GnRH neurons envolve dual Gs/AC and Gq/PLC pathways. J Neuroendocrinol, 36(4), e13392, 2024.
- Hou X, et al. VIP/VPAC signaling in pancreatic islet β-cells: PKA and Epac pathways drive dependente de glicose secrecao de insulina. J Mol Endocrinol, 2022.
- Moody TW, Nuche-Berenguer B, Jensen RT. Vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, e seus(suas) receptors and cancer. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes, 23(1), 38–47, 2016.
- Mathioudakis AG, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou V, Evangelopoulou E, Mathioudakis GA. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Inhaled Agonists: Potential Role in Respiratory Therapeutics. Hippokratia, 17(1), 12–16, 2013.
- Kudo T, Tahara Y, Gamble KL, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide produz long-lasting changes in neural activity no(a) suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurophysiol, 110(5), 1097–1106, 2013.
- Said SI. Vasoactive intestinal peptide no(a) lung. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 527, 450–464, 1988.
- An S, Tsai C, Bhatt R, et al. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide phase-shifts the circadian clock via cAMP/PKA dependent pathway. J Biol Rhythms, 26(4), 313–326, 2011.
- Mosley RL, Lu Y, Olson KE, et al. A Synthetic Agonist to Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor-2 Induces Regulatory T Cell Neuroprotective Activities in Models of Parkinson’s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci, 13, 421, 2019.
- Brown SM, Barkauskas CE, Grund B, et al. Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for investigation of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure (TESICO). Lancet Respir Med, 11(9), 791–803, 2023.
- Delgado M, Ganea D. Neuroprotective effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in a modelo de camundongo of Parkinson’s disease by blocking microglial ativacao. FASEB J, 17(8), 944–946, 2003.
- Jayawardena D, Guzman G, Gill RK, et al. Expression and localization of VPAC1, o(a) principal receptor of vasoactive intestinal peptide along the length do(a) intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 313(1), G16–G25, 2017.
- Virgolini I, Raderer M, Kurtaran A, et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-receptor imaging para o(a) localization of intestinal adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors. N Engl J Med, 331, 1116–1121, 1994.
- Zhang K, Aruva MR, Shanthly N, et al. PET imaging of VPAC1 expression in experimental and spontaneous prostate cancer. J Nucl Med, 49(1), 112–121, 2008.
- Prasse A, Zissel G, Lützen N, et al. Inhaled vasoactive intestinal peptide exerts immunoregulatory effects in sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 182(4), 540–548, 2010.
- Youssef JG, Said SI, et al. Rapid clinical recovery from critico(a) COVID-19 with respiratory failure in a lung transplant patient treated with intravenoso(a) vasoactive intestinal peptide. Preprints, 2020.
- Esendagli D, Sarı N, Akhan S, et al. Inhaled Aviptadil Is a New Hope for Recovery of Lung Damage due to COVID-19. Med Princ Pract, 34(2), 191–200, 2025.
- Dewan B, Shinde S. Aviptadil in agudo(a) respiratory distress syndrome associado(a) com covid-19 infection. Eur J Pharm Med Res, 9(6), 243–253, 2022.
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