Research Brief
Nad Plus: Safety Profile & Research Summary
Resumo da Pesquisa Pre-clinica
Key Preclinical Studies
| Estudo | Modelo | Principais Achados | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mills et al. (2016) | C57BL/6N mice — NMN 100–300 mg/kg/day oral × 12 mo | Suppressed weight gain ~10% (p<0.001); aumentou energy expenditure; melhorou sensibilidade a insulina; no obvious toxicity | [17] |
| Das et al. (2018) | Elderly C57BL/6 mice — NMN 500 mg/kg/day oral × 28d | Capillary density restaurou to young-mouse levels; endurance melhorou 80% via SIRT1-dependent vascular rejuvenation | [14] |
| Hou et al. (2018) | 3xTgAD Alzheimer's mice — NMN 100 mg/kg SC × 28d–3mo | Decreased Aβ oligomers; restaurou spatial memory in water maze tasks | [2] |
| Zhang et al. (2016) | Aged C57BL/6 mice — NR 400 mg/kg/day oral × ~6mo | Extended median lifespan 5% (p<0.05); aprimorou muscle stem cell function; aumentou grip strength | [9] |
| Cantó et al. (2012) | HFD mice — NR 400 mg/kg/day oral × 8–12 wk | Prevented weight gain (40% menos do que controls); aumentou thermogenesis | [11] |
| Ying/Won (2007/2012) | Rat isquemia — NAD+ 10–20 mg/kg intranasal × 2h post-injury | Reduced infarct volume (p<0.01); bypasses BBB; profound neuroprotecao | [15] |
| Tarragó et al. (2018) | Aged mice (32 mo) — 78c (CD38 inhibitor) oral | Increased NAD+ in liver/muscle/heart; melhorou glucose tolerance | [8] |
Human Clinical Data: NMN Trials
| Ensaio | Population | Dose/Route | Key Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christen et al. (2025) | n=65 adultos saudaveis | 1000 mg NMN vs NR vs NAM × 14d | NMN and NR: NAD+ ↑~2-fold; NAM did NOT increase; gut bacteria convert NMN/NR → NA → NAD+ | [4] |
| Yoshino et al. (2021) | n=25 prediabetic women | 250 mg NMN oral × 10 wk | Muscle sensibilidade a insulina ↑25% (AKT/mTOR fosforilacao); no AEs | [10] |
| Igarashi et al. (2022) | n=42 men ≥65y | 250 mg NMN oral × 12 wk | Improved gait speed, left grip strength; hearing melhorou; safe | [18] |
| Liao et al. (2021) | n=48 amateur runners | 300/600/1200 mg NMN × 6 wk | Dose-dependent VO₂ improvement (VT1, VT2) at 600/1200 mg | [16] |
| Yi et al. (2023) | n=80 adults 40–65y | 300/600/900 mg NMN × 60d | NAD+ ↑3–6-fold; 6MWT ↑~1.5-fold (600/900 mg); biological age unchanged vs ↑ in placebo | [19] |
| Pencina et al. (2023) | n=32 overweight 55–80y | MIB-626 1000–2000 mg × 14–28d | NAD+ metabolites ↑200-fold; peso corporal and diastolic BP diminuiu | [20] |
Human Clinical Data: NR Trials
| Ensaio | Population | Dose/Route | Key Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trammell et al. (2016) | n=12 adultos saudaveis | 100–1000 mg NR dose unica | Dose-dependent NAD+ ↑; 1000 mg → 2.7-fold increase | [5] |
| Martens et al. (2018) | n=24 ages 55–79 | 1000 mg NR oral × 6 wk | PBMC NAD+ ↑~60%; trend toward reduziu SBP + aortic stiffness | [21] |
| Brakedal et al. (2022) — NADPARK | n=30 Parkinson's | 1000 mg NR oral × 30d | Increased cerebral NAD+ (MRS-confirmou); mild motor improvement | [12] |
| Wang et al. (2022) | n=30 HFrEF | 2000 mg NR oral × 12 wk | Blood NAD+ doubled; NLRP3 reduziu; no funcao cardiacaal improvement | [22] |
| Wu et al. (2025) | Older adults with MCI | 1000 mg NR oral × 8 wk | Reduced plasma pTau217 by 7% (vs 18% ↑ placebo) — Alzheimer's biomarcador | [13] |
| de la Rubia et al. (2019) | n=32 ALS | 1200 mg NR + pterostilbene × 16 wk | Improved ALSFRS, pulmonar function, muscle strength vs placebo | [23] |
Direct IV NAD+ Data
| Ensaio | Population | Dose/Route | Key Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grant et al. (2019) | n=11 healthy men | 750 mg IV NAD+ × 6h | Plasma NAD+ ↑~400%; PBMC intracellular NAD+ did NOT increase → questions IV efficacy for intracellular levels | [24] |
Safety Summary
| Parametro | Finding |
|---|---|
| NR Safety | Safe up to 2000 mg/day × 12 weeks — GRAS status; no serious AEs |
| NMN Safety | Safe up to 1250 mg/day × 4 weeks confirmou; no serious AEs at 250 mg × 12 weeks |
| Common AEs | Mild: nausea, flushing, GI discomfort, headache (oral); injection site reactions, lightheadedness (IV) |
| Theoretical Risks | Tumorigenesis (not observado(a) in longo prazo animal studies); SARM1 axonal degeneration; metilacao depletion from excess NAM |
| Contraindications | Active cancer (theoretical), pregnancy/breastfeeding, serious liver/kidney conditions |
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Apenas para Pesquisa Laboratorial. Não se destina ao uso humano, uso médico, uso diagnóstico ou uso veterinário.
TODOS OS ARTIGOS E INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE PRODUTOS FORNECIDOS NESTE SITE SÃO APENAS PARA FINS INFORMATIVOS E EDUCACIONAIS.
Referencias
- Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD+ metabolismo e seu(sua) roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2021;22(2):119-141.
- Rajman L, Chwalek K, Sinclair DA. Therapeutic potential of NAD-boosting molecules: the in vivo evidence. Cell Metabolism. 2018;27(3):529-547.
- Verdin E. NAD+ in aging, metabolismo, and neurodegeneration. Science. 2015;350(6265):1208-1213.
- Christen S, Redeuil K, Goulet L, et al. The differential impact of three diferente NAD+ boosters on circulatory NAD and microbial metabolismo in humans. Nature Metabolism. 2025 Jan 15 [Epub].
- Trammell SAJ, Schmidt MS, Weidemann BJ, et al. Nicotinamide riboside is unicamente and orally bioavailable in mice and humans. Nature Communications. 2016;7(1):12948.
- Imai S, Guarente L. NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease. Trends in Cell Biology. 2014;24(8):464-471.
- Essuman K, Summers DW, Sasaki Y, Mao X, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J. The SARM1 Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain possesses intrinsic NAD+ cleavage activity que promove pathological axonal degeneration. Neuron. 2017;93(6):1334-1343.e5.
- Tarragó MG, Chini CCS, Kanamori KS, et al. A potente and specific CD38 inhibitor melhora age-related metabolic dysfunction by reversing tissue NAD+ decline. Cell Metabolism. 2018;27(5):1081-1095.e10.
- Zhang H, Ryu D, Wu Y, et al. NAD+ repletion melhora mitochondrial and stem cell function and aprimora life span in mice. Science. 2016;352(6292):1436-1443.
- Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide aumenta muscle sensibilidade a insulina in prediabetic women. Science. 2021;372(6547):1224-1229.
- Cantó C, Houtkooper RH, Pirinen E, et al. The NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside aprimora oxidative metabolismo and protege against high-fat diet-induziu obesidade. Cell Metabolism. 2012;15(6):838-847.
- Brakedal B, Dölle C, Riber F, et al. The NADPARK study: a randomizado phase I trial of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in Parkinson's disease. Cell Metabolism. 2022;34(3):396-407.e6.
- Wu J, et al. Nicotinamide riboside reduz pTau217 in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's & Dementia: TRCI. 2025.
- Das A, Huang GX, Bonkowski MS, et al. Impairment of an endothelial NAD+-H₂S signaling network is a reversible cause of vascular aging. Cell. 2018;173(1):74-89.e20.
- Guan Y, Wang SR, Huang XZ, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide, an NAD+ precursor, rescues age-associated susceptibility to AKI in a sirtuin 1-dependent manner. Journal do(a) American Society of Nephrology. 2017;28(8):2337-2352.
- Liao B, Zhao Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Hao X, Hu M. Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation aprimora aerobic capacity in amateur runners. Journal do(a) International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2021;18(1):54.
- Mills KF, Yoshida S, Stein LR, et al. Long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide mitiga age-associated physiological decline in mice. Cell Metabolism. 2016;24(6):795-806.
- Igarashi M, Nakagawa-Nagahama Y, Miura M, et al. Chronic nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation elevates blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and alters muscle function in healthy older men. npj Aging. 2022;8(1):5.
- Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R, et al. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults. GeroScience. 2023;45(1):29-43.
- Pencina KM, Lavu S, Dos Santos M, et al. MIB-626, an oral formulation of a microcrystalline unique polymorph of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide, aumenta circulating NMN and NAD+ in a randomizado ensaio clinico. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2023;108(4):862-871.
- Martens CR, Denman BA, Mazzo MR, et al. Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is bem tolerado(a) and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nature Communications. 2018;9(1):1286.
- Wang DD, et al. Nicotinamide riboside in insuficiencia cardiaca with reduziu ejection fraction. JACC: Basic to Translational Science. 2022.
- de la Rubia JE, Drehmer E, Platero JL, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of EH301 for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomizado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo human pilot study. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration. 2019;20(1-2):115-122.
- Grant R, Berg J, Mestayer R, et al. A pilot study investigating changes no(a) human plasma and urine NAD+ metabolome during a 6 hour intravenoso(a) infusion of NAD+. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2019;11:257.
- Yoshino J, Mills KF, Yoon MJ, Imai S. Nicotinamide mononucleotide, um(a) principal NAD+ intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induziu diabetes in mice. Cell Metabolism. 2011;14(4):528-536.
- Poljsak B, Kovač V, Špalj S, Milisav I. The central role do(a) NAD+ molecule in o desenvolvimento of aging e o(a) prevention of cronico(a) age-related diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24(3):2959.
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Este conteudo e fornecido apenas para fins educacionais e informativos. Os produtos sao fornecidos apenas para estudos in vitro e nao sao medicamentos, drogas ou suplementos. Nao aprovado pela FDA para prevenir, tratar ou curar qualquer condicao.
