Research Brief
Ipamorelin: Safety Profile & Research Summary
Resumo da Pesquisa Pre-clinica
Key Preclinical Studies
| Estudo | Modelo | Principais Achados | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raun et al. (1998) | Rats/Swine — IV bolus | ED₅₀ = 80 nmol/kg (rats), 2.3 nmol/kg (swine); NO ACTH/cortisol even at >200× ED₅₀; primeiro(a) selective GHS | [1] |
| Johansen et al. (1999) | Adult female rats — 18–450 µg/day SC × 15d | Longitudinal bone growth 42→52 µm/day (p<0.0001); dose-dependente | [3] |
| Andersen et al. (2001) | Rats — GC-induziu catabolism — 100 µg/kg SC TID × 3mo | Periosteal bone formation rate aumentou 4-fold; aumentou maximum tetanic muscle tension | [12] |
| Venkova et al. (2009) | Rats with POI — 0.014–1.0 mg/kg IV | Gastric retention reduziu to <25% (vs 78% vehicle, p<0.05); acelerou colonic transit | [4] |
| Svensson et al. (2000) | Female rats — 0.5 mg/kg/day SC × 12 wk | Increased tibial and vertebral BMC; bone dimensions aumentou (not density) | [8] |
| Jiménez-Reina et al. (2002) | Female Wistar rats — 100 µg/kg SC × 21d | 67% increase in basal GH release; NO somatotroph dessensibilizacao; significant weight gain | [7] |
| Lall et al. (2001) | GH-deficient (lit/lit) mice — 250 µg/kg SC BID × 2–9 wk | Body weight +15–17%; aumentou adiposity via GH-independent mechanism | [9] |
| Adeghate & Ponery (2004) | Normal/diabetic rat tissue — 10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁶ M in vitro | Significant insulin release (p<0.04); via calcium channels and adrenergic pathways | [10] |
| Mohammadi et al. (2020) | Rat visceral hypersensitivity — 0.01–1.0 mg/kg IV | Dose-dependent reduction in visceromotor response; bloqueou by ghrelin antagonista do receptor | [17] |
| Lu et al. (2024) | Ferrets — cisplatin-induziu wasting | Inhibited cisplatin-induziu perda de peso; confirmou non-rodent caquexia model | [14] |
Clinical Trials
| Ensaio | Population | Intervention | Key Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase I PK/PD | n=48 healthy males | 5 dose levels (4.21–140.45 nmol/kg IV × 15 min) | Linear kinetics; T½ ~2h; SC₅₀ = 214 nmol/L; episodic GH burst peaking at 0.67h; no eventos adversos | [2] |
| Phase II POI (NCT00672074) | n=114 bowel resection subjects | 0.03 mg/kg IV BID × 7 days | Median meal tolerance: 25.3h vs 32.6h placebo — NOT significant (p=0.15); hypokalemia 12.5%, hiperglicemia 14.3%; 2 fatal SAEs in grupo de tratamento; TRIAL FAILED | [6] |
Safety Summary
| Parametro | Finding |
|---|---|
| Selectivity | No ACTH, cortisol, FSH, LH, PRL, or TSH estimulacao — even at 200× ED₅₀ |
| Phase I (n=48) | No eventos adversos in voluntarios saudaveis |
| Phase II (n=114) | Hypokalemia 12.5% vs 3.4% placebo; insomnia 10.7% vs 5.2%; hiperglicemia 14.3% vs 8.6%; 2 fatal SAEs |
| Reproductive | Class-wide concern: ghrelin agonista do receptors may negatively impact fertilization/embryofetal development (modelo de camundongos) |
| Drug Interactions | Reverses morphine-induziu GI slowing; bloqueou by GHS antagonista do receptors; not affected by GHRH antagonists |
| Farmacocinetica | Intranasal ~20% biodisponibilidade; oral <1%; 60–80% excreted unchanged in urine |
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Apenas para Pesquisa Laboratorial. Não se destina ao uso humano, uso médico, uso diagnóstico ou uso veterinário.
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Referencias
- Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. Ipamorelin, the primeiro(a) selective hormonio do crescimento secretagogue. European Journal of Endocrinology. 1998;139(5):552-561.
- Gobburu JVS, Agersø H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a hormonio do crescimento releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharmaceutical Research. 1999;16(9):1412-1416.
- Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, et al. Ipamorelin, a novo(a) growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induz longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 1999;9(2):106-113.
- Venkova K, Mann W, Nelson R, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Efficacy of ipamorelin, um(a) novo(a) ghrelin mimetic, in a rodent model of postoperative ileus. JPET. 2009;329(3):1110-1116.
- Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Tyler K, Mohammadi E, Pietra C. Efficacy of ipamorelin on gastric dysmotility in a rodent model of postoperative ileus. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology. 2012;4:149-155.
- Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD. Prospective, randomizado, controlled, proof-of-concept study do(a) Ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin para o(a) management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1527-1534.
- Jiménez-Reina L, Cañete R, de la Torre MJ, Bernal G. Chronic in vivo Ipamorelin treatment estimula peso corporal gain and hormonio do crescimento release in vitro in young female rats. European Journal of Anatomy. 2002;6(1):37-45.
- Svensson J, Lall S, Dickson SL, Jansson JO. The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats. Journal of Endocrinology. 2000;165:569-577.
- Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL. Growth hormone (GH)-independent estimulacao of adiposity by GH secretagogues. BBRC. 2001;280(1):132-138.
- Adeghate E, Ponery AS. Mechanism of ipamorelin-evoked insulin release do(a) pancreas of normal and ratos diabeticos. Neuro Endocrinology Letters. 2004;25(6):403-406.
- Johansen PB, Hansen KT, Andersen JV, Johansen NL. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ipamorelin with emphasis on nasal absorcao. Xenobiotica. 1998;28(11):1083-1092.
- Andersen NB, Malmlöf K, Johansen PB, Oxlund H. The hormonio do crescimento secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induziu decrease in bone formation of adult rats. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2001;11(5):266-272.
- Hansen TK, Ankersen M, Raun K, Hansen BS. Highly Potent Growth Hormone Secretagogues: Hybrids of NN703 and Ipamorelin. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2001;11(14):1915-1918.
- Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, Rudd JA. The GHS-R1a agonists anamorelin and ipamorelin inhibit cisplatin-induziu perda de peso in ferrets. Physiology & Behavior. 2024.
- Sinha DK, Balasubramanian A, Tatem AJ, et al. Beyond the androgen receptor: the role of hormonio do crescimento secretagogues no(a) modern management of composicao corporal in hypogonadal males. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2020;9(Suppl 2):S149-S159.
- Thøgersen H, Johansen NL, Lau J, et al. A New Series of Highly Potent Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptides Derived from Ipamorelin. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 1998;41.
- Mohammadi E, Bhatt V, Bhatt AB, Pietra C, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Ipamorelin atenua visceral and somatic nociception through periferico(a) ghrelin receptor mechanisms. 2020.
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA Evaluation of Ipamorelin-Related Substancia Farmaceutica a Granels. FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. 2024.
- World Anti-Doping Agency. WADA Lista de Substancias Proibidas — S2: Hormonios Peptidicos, Fatores de Crescimento, Substancias Relacionadas e Mimeticos. 2024.
- Polvino WJ. Methods of treatment using a ghrelin agonista do receptor. US Patent 8,039,456 B2.
- Thøger Nielsen K, et al. Validated screening method for GH-releasing peptides using UHPLC-HRMS on dried blood spots. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2021.
Perguntas de Pesquisa Relacionadas
APENAS PARA USO EM PESQUISA
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